What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?

• A. Vertical
• B. Horizontal
• C. Circular
• D. Diagonal

Answer: (B)

For long-distance CW (Continuous Wave) and SSB (Single Side Band) contacts on the VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Ultra High Frequency) bands, horizontal polarization is typically the preferred choice. This preference is rooted in several key factors.

First, horizontal polarization tends to have better performance in terms of reducing multi-path interference, which is a common issue at these frequencies. Multi-path occurs when signals bounce off obstacles, causing them to arrive at the receiver at different times, potentially leading to distortion in the received signal. A horizontally polarized signal is less susceptible to such reflections compared to vertically polarized signals, which can reflect off the ground and other surfaces.

Second, the propagation characteristics at VHF and UHF frequencies favor horizontal polarization for long-distance communication when using these modes. When signals are transmitted over long distances, especially when involving ionospheric propagation, horizontal polarized antennas tend to perform more consistently, maintaining their radiation efficiency and reducing losses that can occur with other types of polarization.

In practical applications, many operators utilize horizontally polarized antennas, such as Yagi or dipole antennas, because they often provide a clearer and more reliable signal over long distances, especially during varied weather and atmospheric conditions. While vertical polarization can be effective in specific scenarios